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Most household items contain chemicals that are harmful to both humans and pets. In addition to internal bleeding, rat poisoning can result in organ failure, paralysis, coma, and death if eaten. It’s best to keep rat poison hidden and only use it when necessary. Poisoning symptoms may not occur for hours or days after exposure.
If you or a loved one has taken rat poison, don’t wait for symptoms—Call professional. Rat poisoned pets are also at risk.
RAT POISON
Most rat poisons have anticoagulants (blood thinners). Warfarin was the first anticoagulant rat poison. Because rats got resistant to it, “superwarfarin” rat poisons were created. More lethal than warfarin, these rat poisons. The most common superwarfarins responsible for rat poisoning are bromadiolone and brodifacoum. Warfarin (Coumadin and Jantoven) is a common blood thinner administered to persons at risk of heart attack or stroke. While it can help prevent serious blood clots, it can also cause severe bleeding.
Thallium sulfate was also utilized in rat poison. Several reports of inadvertent exposure, particularly in youngsters, led to its suspension in 1972. Rarely, thallium poisoning occurs from ancient rat poison products. The toxin is easily absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract, and even 8 mg can be deadly.
Some popular rat poison brands include:
- Pesticide Havoc Blood thinner with brodifacoum as bait
- Tomcat Bait Chunx: a single-dose poison containing bromethalin
- a blood thinner with bromadiolone
- Diphacinone-containing Neogen Rodenticide
- ZP Tracking Powder: cholecalciferol-based indoor rat poison
Like warfarin, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is used medicinally. It helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus, two minerals required for strong bones. In the sun, your skin produces cholecalciferol. A high dose of cholecalciferol would produce calcium poisoning (hypercalcemia). Cholecalciferol poisoning is more common in pets than in humans. In 2017, almost 10,000 people were poisoned by rats, mostly by anticoagulants. Over half of those were youngsters under 6. If you found any kind of rats then contact a rat exterminator near me.
Rat Poison Action
Anticoagulants are common in rat poisons. The poison prevents blood clots from forming, causing extensive internal bleeding. Some rat poisons kill with one dose, while others require many doses. It takes four to fourteen days for a rodent to die from eating these. Secondary poisoning occurs in wildlife, farm animals, and pets. An example is when a cat eats a rodent poisoned by rat poison.
Here’s how rat poison works:
- Anticoagulants induce internal bleeding that can take days to manifest.
- Bromethalin causes neuronal cell death. A pet exposed to bromethalin for eight to twelve hours may vomit, suffer convulsions, lose control of its legs, or go into a coma.
- Cholecalciferol causes renal and cardiac failure. Poisoning Symptoms in pets include lack of appetite, vomiting, frequent urination, and sadness.
- Zinc phosphide, when eaten, turns into gas and damages vital organs. Anxiety, pacing, weakness, and convulsions might occur four to 18 hours following exposure.
- Strychnine causes violent seizures that stop the critter from breathing. Seizures start 15 minutes to 2 hours following exposure in animals.
- Eaten or breathed, rat poisons are exceedingly poisonous! Touching many is hazardous (except for warfarin). Warfarin is not harmful when touched or inhaled.
These chemicals are poisonous to the touch. Handling these substances should be done with gloves and long sleeves. Always use goggles when handling rat poison. Rat poisons commonly cause minor eye discomfort.
Recap
The ingredients in rat poisons function in various ways. Symptoms in pets range from weakness to cardiac failure. A few cause skin and eye discomfort. To ingest most is harmful or even fatal
Human Poisoning Signs
Human rat poisoning symptoms take time to manifest. In rare circumstances, there are no symptoms. Symptom of rat poisoning can be misdiagnosed as other illnesses. What are rat poison human symptoms?
Human rat poisoning symptoms include:
- Anticoagulants: Sudden gum, nose, or skin bleeding. Internal bleeding causes lightheadedness and shortness of breath. Symptoms are often subtle in children.
- Bromethalin: Dizziness or confusion. Visual, behavioral, or mental abnormalities, headaches, disorientation, vomiting, lethargy, or loss of consciousness are all symptoms of cerebral edema.
- Dehydration, excessive thirst, increased urination. Untreated exposure can cause heart and kidney damage.
- zinc phosphide: hysteria, convulsions, loss of breath, and coma. Zinc phosphide can cause anxiety and respiratory issues.
- Muscle spasms, convulsions. Symptoms can appear within 15 minutes and progress to difficulty breathing.
- Some rat poisons contain blue or green colors to help identify children or pets who have handled or consumed them.
Treatment
If you or a loved one has eaten rat poison, do not self-medicate or use home cures. Call a professional immediately. Rat poison labels always provide first aid instructions. Always read them before opening a product to avoid exposure.
A professional may advise hospitalization. You can expect oral and/or IV medicines. Anticoagulants in rat poisons inhibit a vitamin K enzyme required for blood clotting. Your doctor may administer IV vitamin K1 to reverse the blood-thinning effect. Because superwarfarins have long-lasting effects, you will need to take oral vitamin K1 therapy for 168 days (on average). Non-anticoagulant rat poisons like bromethalin, strychnine, and zinc phosphide have no antidotes.
These patients receive supportive treatment while in the hospital. This may involve IV fluids and symptom remedies. Activated charcoal or ipecac may be used to cleanse the GI tract.
Is Milk Poisonous?
False. Drinking tiny amounts of water or milk may temporarily relieve the symptoms of poisoning, but it will not eliminate or balance the poisons in your body.
Prevention
Rat poison baits supplied in 2011 must be sold in blocks, not pellets or free. Modified bait station packaging is also required. Preferably rat traps first. Place traps under appliances or in other hard-to-reach spots. Remember that rats and mice rarely leave their nests, so don’t put traps in every corner and crevice. Just arrange them 10-12 feet away from the nest. Before you bring rat poison into your home, check if you haven’t tried alternative means of control. Rat poison is a last resort.
Other non-toxic repellents to try:
Fresh Cab Botanical Rodent Repellent: Made with balsam fir oil, aroma oil, and plant fibers. It is safe to use indoors or out.
Peppermint oil repels rats: Place essential oil-soaked cotton balls near the nest or droppings. This won’t permanently eliminate pests, but it can help.
Vinegar or any other strong-smelling non-toxic: material may deter rats temporarily. Consider regularly washing the floor with vinegar.
Diatomaceous earth: is a powder formed of fossilized diatoms. It is non-toxic to humans but causes severe dehydration in rodents.
Finally, you may always take precautions to keep rodents out of your house. Never leave food or wrappers out. Always dispose of leftover food in a properly packed trashcan outside. Seal any gaps or crevices in your walls, windows, doors, garbage cans, and leaking faucets. Trim bushes and other plants surrounding your property to discourage rats from nesting there.
Summary
If you find or suspect rats in your home, use rat traps or a natural repellent to get rid of them. Rat poison is very hazardous to both humans and animals. In some cases, symptoms don’t develop for days. If you or a loved one comes into touch with rat poison, call a professional immediately.